The article analyzes Armenia–Azerbaijan relations through the prism of the “new regionalism” concept. The author examines the peacebuilding potential of international trade from historical and theoretical perspectives. Beginning with Immanuel Kant’s idea of “Perpetual Peace,” the article focuses on the use of free trade as a means of diplomacy in the 19th and 20th centuries, including the Cobden–Chevalier Treaty, the European Coal and Steel Community, and other examples. The study demonstrates that international trade can reduce the risk of conflict by increasing interdependence between countries, strengthening trust, and potentially contributing to reductions in defense expenditures. The extremely low volume of trade between Azerbaijan and Armenia, despite their geographical proximity, demonstrates that political factors have constrained the realization of economic potential.